Shakespeare in Performance: Job Category
People who have held the position 'dramaturg'
: Film production
: Performance
- Abigail Fine
- Abigail Swetz
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (2002, Shakespeare Santa Cruz, USA) as 'Dramaturgy Intern'
- Akiva Fox
- … in Hamlet (2007, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Associate'
- … in Love's Labor's Lost (2007, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Associate'
- … in Titus Andronicus (2007, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Associate'
- … in Love's Labor's Lost (2006, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Associate'
- … in The Comedy of Errors (2005, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Associate'
- Alan Armstrong
- Alexander Leggatt
- Alexander Leggatt
- … in King Lear (2014, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturges'
- Amanda Holden
- … in The Winter's Tale (2005, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Andrea Garrett
- … in King Lear (2001, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Ann Marie Stewart
- … in Measure for Measure (1998, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Anna Andes
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (1999, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Annette Thornton
- … in The Merchant of Venice (1996, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Antony Ernst
- Assunta Kent
- Barbara Matson
- Barry Kraft
- Beate Seidel
- … in Hamlet (1997, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Was Ihr Wollt (1993, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Ben Power
- … in A Tender Thing (2013, Canada) as 'Playwright'
- Bill Foster
- Birte Twisselmann
- … in Macbeth (2000, Theatre Nomad, International)
- … in As You Like It (1998, Theatre Nomad, International) as 'Dramaturgy'
- … in Twelfth Night (1997, Theatre Nomad, International)
- … in The Tempest (1996, Theatre Nomad, UK)
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1995, Theatre Nomad, UK)
- … in Macbeth (1993, Theatre Nomad, UK)
- Carla Steen
- Charlie Mitchell
- … in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (1995, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Cheryl McFarren
- … in The Taming of the Shrew (1998, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Christian Parker
- … in Henry V (1995, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Christina L. Gutierrez
- Christine Mather
- … in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1994, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Clara Giebel
- Craig Walker
- Cynthia Bishop
- Dakin Matthews
- Dalinda Maamar
- … in Romeo & Julia! (2007, Shakespeare Company Berlin, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Daniel Nadon
- David Schuler
- … in Pericles (1993, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant to the Director/Dramaturg'
- Deborah Hecht
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2004, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'New York Text Consultant'
- Dennis C. Beck
- … in All's Well That Ends Well (1992, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Director's Assistant'
- Dennis Elkins
- Dieter Görne
- … in Der Sturm (1985, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Dieter Sturm
- … in König Lear (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Douglas Gordy
- Dr. Gerhard Piens
- … in Der Kaufmann von Venedig (1985, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Texteditor and Dramaturg (Textredaktion und Dramaturgie)'
- Elizabeth A. Wightman
- Elizabeth Smith
- … in Macbeth (2015, The Acting Company, USA) as 'Voice, Speech and Text Consultant'
- Elliott Hayes
- … in I Henry IV (1984, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Fred Perry
- Frederik Zeugke
- … in Macbeth (1999, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Die Komödie der Irrungen (1998, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Geron Coale
- … in Othello (1996, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Gideon Lester
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2004, American Repertory Theatre, USA)
- … in Pericles (2003, American Repertory Theatre, USA)
- … in Othello (2001, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Production Dramaturg'
- … in Richard II (2001, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Production Dramaturg'
- … in The Winter's Tale (2000, American Repertory Theatre, USA)
- … in The Merchant of Venice (1998, American Repertory Theatre, USA)
- … in The Taming of the Shrew (1998, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Production Dramaturg'
- Gregory Thorson
- Harald Sanger
- … in Ein Sommernachtstraum (2003, Theater Bielefeld, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Heather A. Smith
- … in The Tempest (2000, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Heather Andrews
- Heather Lindsley
- Heike Müller Merten
- … in Sonette (1985, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Hilary Tate
- … in Measure for Measure (1986, Oregon Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturge'
- Hilda Harsing
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturgy (Dramaturgie)'
- Holger Kuhta
- … in Macbeth (2007, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Music and Dramaturgy (Musik und Dramaturgie)'
- Ildiko Lokos
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2007, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturgy (Dramaturgie)'
- Ivanna Cullinan
- J. D. Schuchter
- Jackie Czerepinski
- Jacob Gallagher-Ross
- … in Twelfth Night (2011, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Jacob Gallagher-Ross
- … in Cymbeline (2012, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Jacqueline Rau
- … in Die Zähmung der Widerspenstigen (2001, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Assistant Dramaturg (Dramaturgieassistentin)'
- James Shapiro
- … in Shakespeare's Sonnets (2012, UK) as 'Contributor'
- Jason Bisping
- Jeff Grapko
- … in As You Like It (2001, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- … in Julius Caesar (2000, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Jeff Neuman
- … in Much Ado About Nothing (1997, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Jeff Turner
- … in As You Like It (1995, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Jeffrey Shoemaker
- … in Julius Caesar (1999, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Jenna A. Kubly
- … in Antony and Cleopatra (2004, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Jenna Kubly
- … in The Taming of the Shrew (2003, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Jessica Hillman
- … in The Comedy of Errors (2004, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Jim Zeiger
- … in Antony and Cleopatra (1994, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Joachim Lux
- … in Julius Caesar (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Sturm (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Viel Lärm um Nichts (2006, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Joanne Zipay
- … in Richard 3 (2004, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 6 Part 1 (2003, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 6 Part 2 (2003, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 6 Part 3 (2003, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Love's Labors Lost (2003, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 4 Part 1 (2002, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 4 Part 2 (2002, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry 5 (2002, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Richard 2 (2002, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in The Tempest (2001, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Comedy of Errors (2000, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Julius Caesar (2000, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Julius Caesar (1999, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Titus Andronicus (1999, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Henry VIII (1998, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Pericles (1998, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in All's Well That Ends Well (1997, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in King John (1996, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- … in Macbeth (1996, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA)
- Jody Rothe
- Johannes Blum
- … in Hamlet (2007, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturgy (Dramaturgie)'
- Johannes Richter
- … in König Lear (1992, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- John Gillies
- John Wilders
- … in Titus Andronicus (1985, Jane Howell, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in King John: The Life and Death of (1984, David Giles, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Love's Labor's Lost (1984, Elijah Moshinsky, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in The Comedy of Errors (1984, James Cellan-Jones, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Coriolanus (1983, Elijah Moshinsky, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Cymbeline (1982, Elijah Moshinsky, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in King Lear (1982, Jonathan Miller, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Macbeth (1982, Jack Gold, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (1982, David Jones, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in All's Well that Ends Well (1981, Elijah Moshinsky, International) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Timon of Athens (1981, Jonathan Miller, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Troilus and Cressida (1981, Jonathan Miller, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Antony and Cleopatra (1980, Jonathan Miller, USA) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Henry IV, Part 1 (1980, David Giles, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in The Taming of the Shrew (1980, Jonathan Miller, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in The Winter's Tale (1980, Jane Howell, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Henry IV, Part 2 (1979, David Giles, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in The Tempest (1979, John Gorrie, GB) as 'Literary Consultant'
- … in Romeo and Juliet (1978, Alvin Rakoff, GB) as 'Literary Adviser'
- Jonathan Kalb
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2013, Theatre for a New Audience, USA) as 'Resident Literary Advisor/Dramaturg'
- Jonathan Shandell
- Jonathan Warman
- … in Henry IV, Part 1 (1994, Nebraska Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant to the Dramaturg'
- … in Love's Labour's Lost (1994, Nebraska Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant to the Dramaturg'
- Judith Bock
- … in Titus Andronicus (1988, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- … in Henry IV, Part 1 (1986, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA)
- Judith Gerstenberg
- … in Romeo und Julia (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Judith Liere
- … in Sturm (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg Assistant (Dramaturgieassistenz)'
- Judith Thoeming
- … in Measure for Measure (1983, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturge'
- Julie Chase
- Julie Noelle Chase
- … in Twelfth Night (2000, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Julie Paucker
- … in Was Ihr Wollt (2007, Theater Basel, Switzerland) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- June Compton
- Jutta Ferbers
- … in Shakespeare's Sonnets (2014, Berliner Ensemble, USA) as 'Sonnet selection'
- Karen Kettnich
- … in Coriolanus (2002, Shakespeare Santa Cruz, USA) as 'Dramaturgy Intern'
- Karla Kochta
- … in Richard III (2005, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Romeo und Julia (2004, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Kate McConnell
- Kevin T. Browne
- … in Hamlet (1995, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/assistant to the Director'
- Kim Axline
- … in Richard II (1998, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- … in Romeo and Juliet (1997, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Kristine M. Dunbar
- Kyle Brenton
- … in Othello (2001, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Production Dramaturg'
- LESLIE O'DELL
- … in Troilus and Cressida (2003, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Text Consultant'
- LESLIE O'DELL
- … in Antony and Cleopatra (2003, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Text Consultant'
- Lara Starcevich
- … in Troilus and Cressida (1997, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Lars Gebhardt
- … in Richard III (2005, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Assistant Dramaturg (Dramaturgie Assistent)'
- Lars Tatom
- … in Henry V (2000, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Laura Tesman
- … in Love's Labour's Lost (1998, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Lezlie Cross
- Lisa Wilson
- … in Hamlet (2003, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Liz Eckert
- … in Richard 3 (2004, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Liza Williams
- … in Romeo and Juliet (2004, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Lue Morgan Douthit
- Lydia G. Garcia
- Lynn Nichols
- … in The Comedy of Errors (1983, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturge'
- Lynne Hemmingway Cordiner
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (1993, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Director's Assistant'
- Margery Fernald
- … in Twelfth Night (1994, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Margery M. Fernald
- … in King Lear (1993, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director and Dramaturg'
- Marilee Long-Saxe
- Marvin McAllister
- … in The Tempest (2005, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA)
- … in Pericles, Prince of Tyre (2004, Shakespeare Theatre Company, USA) as 'Literary Manager'
- Mary Eileen Young
- Maryanne Lynch
- Maureen Dolan
- Maxine Kern
- Megan Uebelacker
- … in The Merchant of Venice (1998, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Melissa J. A. Carle
- Melissa Salz
- … in Macbeth (1994, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant to the Director/Dramaturg'
- Melody Thomas
- Michael Flachmann
- Michael Warren
- Michele Del Amico
- … in The Tempest Project (2001, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Michele Osherow
- … in The Taming of the Shrew (2012, Folger Shakespeare Library, USA) as 'Resident Dramaturg'
- … in Othello (2011, Folger Shakespeare Library, USA) as 'Resident Dramaturg'
- Michelle Liu Carriger
- … in Twelfth Night (2005, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Mike Hall
- … in The Tempest (2001, Judith Shakespeare Company, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Milla Cozart Riggio
- Monika Gysel
- … in Wie Es Euch Gefällt (2005, Theater Bielefeld, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Neil Freeman
- … in Macbeth (1983, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Text Consultant'
- Nicole Zalak
- Nina Marie Schmidt
- … in Sturm (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Apprentice Dramaturg (Dramaturgiehospitanz)'
- Pamyla Stiehl
- Patrick Maclean
- Paul Edwards
- Paula Danckert
- … in King Lear (2012, National Arts Centre English Theatre, Canada) as 'Production Dramaturg'
- Paula Muncy
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1996, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Musical Coach'
- Professor Eric Rasmussen
- Rachael Rayment
- Rachel Rusch
- … in Romeo and Juliet (2008, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturgical Research'
- Rebecca B. Gauss
- … in Coriolanus (1995, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant to the Director'
- Rebecca Stone Thornberry
- … in Much Ado About Nothing (2003, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Rezy Schumacher
- … in Ein Sommernachtstraum (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Rob Leary
- … in Othello (2005, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Robert Blacker
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (2011, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in As You Like It (2010, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in The Tempest (2010, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2009, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in Macbeth (2009, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in Romeo and Juliet (2008, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in The Merry Wives of Windsor (2011, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in Othello (2013, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Blacker
- … in Henry V (2012, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Robert Crumpton
- … in As You Like It (2007, British Shakespeare Company, International) as 'Assistant Director and Dramaturg'
- … in Henry V (2007, British Shakespeare Company, International) as 'Assistant Director and Dramaturg'
- Robert Potter
- Robert Scanlan
- Roelof J. Veltkamp
- Ronald Richter
- … in Ein Sommernachtstraum (2000, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Ryan McKittrick
- … in Romeo and Juliet (2006, American Repertory Theatre, USA)
- … in The Merchant of Venice (1998, American Repertory Theatre, USA) as 'Assistant Dramaturg'
- Sarah Crockarell
- Sarah Stevenson
- Sebastian Huber
- … in Die Rosenkriege (2008, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- … in Ein Sommernachtstraum (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Shane Breaux
- Soon-Ja Hur
- Stanley Richardson
- Stefanie Lanius
- … in Die Zahmung der Widerspenstigen (2010, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturgy'
- Stephan Weiland
- … in Hamlet (2011, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturgy'
- … in Der Kaufmann von Venedig (2008, Shakespeare Festival im Globe Neuss, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Stephan Wetzel
- … in Was Ihr Wollt (2007, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Stephen Buhler
- Stephen Earnest
- Susan E. Stengel
- Susanne Meister
- … in Maß für Maß (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- Suzanne Turnbull
- … in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2010, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Suzanne Turnbull
- … in Titus Andronicus (2011, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- T. Kate Pagel
- … in The Comedy of Errors (1999, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Assistant Director/Dramaturg'
- Thomas Freeland
- Toby Malone
- … in King Lear (2014, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Set Designer'
- Toby Malone
- … in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2014, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Toby Malone
- … in King Lear (2014, Stratford Festival of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturges'
- Todd Coulter
- … in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2001, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Tom Joyner
- … in Queen Margaret (2001, Colorado Shakespeare Festival, USA) as 'Dramaturg/Assistant Director'
- Trish McAdams
- Vivien Arnold
- … in Hamlet (2012, National Ballet of Canada, Canada) as 'Dramaturge'
- Volkmar Spörl
- … in Der Sturm (1985, Staatsschauspiel Dresden, Germany) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'
- William Strunk
- … in Romeo and Juliet (1936, George Cukor, USA) as 'Literary Consultant'
- Wolfgang Weins
- … in König Lear (2007, Burgtheater, Austria) as 'Dramaturg (Dramaturgie)'