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  • Title: King Lear (Adapted by Nahum Tate) (Modern)
  • Author: Nahum Tate
  • Editor: Lynne Bradley

  • Copyright Internet Shakespeare Editions. This text may be freely used for educational, non-proift purposes; for all other uses contact the Coordinating Editor.
    Author: Nahum Tate
    Editor: Lynne Bradley
    Not Peer Reviewed

    King Lear (Adapted by Nahum Tate) (Modern)

    ACT III
    A desert heath.
    Enter Lear and Kent in the storm.
    Blow, winds, and burst your cheeks. Rage louder yet!
    895Fantastic lightning singe, singe my white head.
    Spout cataracts, and hurricanos fall
    Till you have drowned the towns and palaces
    Of proud, ingrateful man.
    Not all my best entreaties can persuade him
    900Into some needful shelter, or to 'bide
    This poor slight covering on his aged head,
    Exposed to this wild war of earth and heaven.
    Rumble thy fill. Fight whirlwind, rain and fire!
    Not fire, wind, rain or thunder are my daughters.
    905I tax not you, ye elements, with unkindness.
    I never gave you kingdoms, called you children,
    You owe me no obedience. Then let fall
    Your horrible pleasure. Here I stand your slave,
    A poor, infirm, weak and despised old man.
    910Yet I will call you servile ministers,
    That have with two pernicious daughters joined
    Their high-engendered battle against a head
    So old and white as mine. Oh! Oh! 'Tis foul.
    Hard by, sir, is a hovel that will lend
    915Some shelter from this tempest.
    I will forget my nature. What? So kind a father.
    Ay, there's the point.
    Consider, good my liege, things that love night
    Love not such nights as this. These wrathful skies
    920Frighten the very wanderers of the dark,
    And make them keep their caves. Such drenching rain,
    Such sheets of fire, such claps of horrid thunder,
    Such groans of roaring winds have never been known.
    Let the great gods
    925That keep this dreadful pudder over our heads
    Find out their enemies now. Tremble, thou wretch,
    That hast within thee undiscovered crimes.
    Hide, thou bloody hand,
    Thou perjured villain, holy, holy hypocrite,
    930That drinks the widow's tears, sigh now and cry
    These dreadful summoners grace. I am a man
    More sinned against than sinning.
    Good sir, to the hovel.
    My wit begins to burn.
    935Come on, my boy, how dost my boy? Art cold?
    I'm cold myself. Show me this straw, my fellow.
    The art of our necessity is strange,
    And can make vile things precious. My poor knave,
    Cold as I am at heart, I've one place there
    940Loud storm.
    That's sorry yet for thee.
    Exeunt.
    Gloster's palace. Enter Bastard.
    Bastard
    The storm is in our louder revelings drowned.
    945Thus would I reign could I but mount a throne.
    The riots of these proud imperial sisters
    Already have imposed the galling yoke
    Of taxes and hard impositions on
    The drudging peasants' neck, who bellow out
    950Their loud complaints in vain. Triumphant queens!
    With what assurance do they tread the crowd.
    Oh for a taste of such majestic beauty,
    Which none but my hot veins are fit to engage!
    Nor are my wishes desperate, for even now
    955During the banquet I observed their glances
    Shot thick at me; and as they left the room
    Each cast by stealth a kind inviting smile,
    The happy earnest -- ha!
    Two servants from several entrances deliver him each a letter, and exeunt.
    "Where merit is so transparent, not to behold it
    were blindness, and not to reward it ingratitude.
    Gonerill."
    Enough! Blind and ingrateful should I be
    965Not to obey the summons of this oracle.
    Now for a second letter.
    Opens the other.
    "If modesty be not your enemy, doubt not to
    find me your friend.
    970Regan."
    Excellent sybil! Oh, my glowing blood!
    I am already sick of expectation,
    And pant for the possession -- here Gloster comes
    With business on his brow. Be hushed my joys.
    975Gloster
    I come to seek thee, Edmund, to impart a business of
    Importance. I know thy loyal heart is touched to see the cruelty
    of these ingrateful daughters against our royal master.
    Bastard
    Most savage and unnatural.
    Gloster
    This change in the state sits uneasy. The commons repine aloud
    980at their female tyrants. Already they cry out for the
    reinstallment of their good old king, whose injuries I fear will
    inflame them into mutiny.
    Bastard
    'Tis to be hoped, not feared.
    Gloster
    Thou hast it, boy, 'tis to be hoped indeed.
    985On me they cast their eyes, and hourly court me
    To lead them on, and whilst this head is mine
    I am theirs. A little covert craft, my boy,
    And then for open action. 'Twill be employment
    Worthy such honest daring souls as thine.
    990Thou, Edmund, art my trusty emissary.
    Haste on the spur at the first break of day
    With these dispatches to the Duke of Cambrai.
    Gives him letters.
    You know what mortal feuds have always flamed
    995Between this Duke of Cornwall's family and his.
    Full twenty thousand mountaineers
    The inveterate prince will send to our assistance.
    Dispatch. Commend us to His Grace, and prosper.
    Bastard
    Yes, credulous old man,
    I will commend you to His Grace,
    His Grace the Duke of Cornwall -- instantly
    To show him these contents in thy own character
    And sealed with thy own signet. Then forthwith
    1005The choleric duke gives sentence on thy life,
    And to my hand thy vast revenues fall
    To glut my pleasure that till now has starved.
    Gloster going off is met by Cordelia entering, attended by Arante. Bastard observing at a distance.
    Cordelia
    Turn, Gloster, turn, by all the sacred powers
    1010I do conjure you give my griefs a hearing.
    You must, you shall, nay I am sure you will,
    For you were always styled the just and good.
    Gloster
    What wouldst thou, princess? Rise and speak thy griefs.
    Cordelia
    Nay, you shall promise to redress them too,
    1015Or here I'll kneel forever. I entreat
    Thy succor for a father and a king,
    An injured father and an injured king.
    Bastard
    Oh, charming sorrow! How her tears adorn her
    Like dew on flowers. But she is virtuous,
    1020And I must quench this hopeless fire in the kindling.
    Gloster
    Consider, princess,
    For whom thou begg'st, 'tis for the king that wronged thee.
    Cordelia
    Oh, name not that. He did not, could not wrong me.
    Nay muse not, Gloster, for it is too likely
    1025This injured king ere this is past your aid,
    And gone distracted with his savage wrongs.
    Bastard
    I'll gaze no more -- and yet my eyes are charmed.
    Cordelia
    Or what if it be worse? Can there be worse?
    As 'tis too probable this furious night
    1030Has pierced his tender body, the bleak winds
    And cold rain chilled, or lightning struck him dead.
    If it be so, your promise is discharged,
    And I have only one poor boon to beg,
    That you'd convey me to his breathless trunk,
    1035With my torn robes to wrap his hoary head,
    With my torn hair to bind his hands and feet,
    Then with a shower of tears
    To wash his clay-smeared cheeks, and die beside him.
    Gloster
    Rise, fair Cordelia, thou hast piety
    1040Enough to atone for both thy sisters' crimes.
    I have already plotted to restore
    My injured master, and thy virtue tells me
    We shall succeed, and suddenly.
    1045Cordelia
    Dispatch, Arante,
    Provide me a disguise. We'll instantly
    Go seek the king, and bring him some relief.
    How, madam? Are you ignorant
    Of what your impious sisters have decreed?
    1050Immediate death for any that relieve him.
    Cordelia
    I cannot dread the furies in this case.
    In such a night as this? Consider, madam,
    For many miles about there's scarce a bush
    To shelter in.
    1055Cordelia
    Therefore no shelter for the king,
    And more our charity to find him out.
    What have not women dared for vicious love?
    And we'll be shining proofs that they can dare
    For piety as much. Blow winds, and lightnings fall.
    1060Bold in my virgin innocence, I'll fly
    My royal father to relieve, or die.
    Exeunt Cordelia and Arante.
    Bastard
    "Provide me a disguise, we'll instantly
    Go seek the king" -- Ha! Ha! A lucky change.
    1065That virtue which I feared would be my hindrance
    Has proved the bond to my design.
    I'll bribe two ruffians that shall at a distance follow,
    And seize them in some desert place, and there
    Whilst one retains her the other shall return
    1070To inform me where she's lodged. I'll be disguised too.
    Whilst they are poaching for me I'll to the duke
    With these dispatches. Then to the field
    Where like the vigorous Jove I will enjoy
    This Semele in a storm. 'Twill deaf her cries
    1075Like drums in battle, lest her groans should pierce
    My pitying ear, and make the amorous fight less fierce.
    Storm still. The field scene. Enter Lear and Kent.
    Here is the place, my lord. Good my lord, enter.
    1080The tyranny of this open night's too rough
    For nature to endure.
    Let me alone.
    Good my lord, enter.
    Wilt break my heart?
    Beseech you, sir.
    Thou think'st 'tis much that this contentious storm
    Invades us to the skin; so 'tis to thee.
    But where the greater malady is fixed
    The lesser is scarce felt. The tempest in my mind
    1090Does from my senses take all feeling else
    Save what beats there: filial ingratitude!
    Is it not as this mouth should tear this hand
    For lifting food to it? But I'll punish home.
    No, I will weep no more. In such a night
    1095To shut me out -- Pour on, I will endure
    In such a night as this. O Regan, Gonerill,
    Your old kind father whose frank heart gave all--
    Oh that way madness lies, let me shun that,
    No more of that.
    See, my lord, here's the entrance.
    Well, I'll go in
    And pass it all. I'll pray and then I'll sleep.
    Poor naked wretches wheresoe'er you are,
    That abide the pelting of this pitiless storm,
    1105How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides
    Sustain this shock, your raggedness defend you
    From seasons such as these?
    Oh, I have taken too little care of this.
    Take physic, pomp.
    1110Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel,
    That thou mayst cast the superflux to them,
    And show the heavens more just.
    Edgar in the hovel.
    Five fathom and a half, poor Tom!
    What art thou that dost grumble there in the straw?
    Come forth.
    Away! The foul fiend follows me -- through the sharp
    Hawthorn blows the cold wind -- Mum! Go to thy bed and warm
    Thee. -- Ha! What do I see? By all my griefs, the poor old
    1120king beheaded,
    And drenched in this foul storm. Professing siren,
    Are all your protestations come to this?
    Tell me, fellow, didst thou give all to thy daughters?
    Who gives anything to Poor Tom, whom the foul fiend has
    led through fire and through flame, through bushes and bogs,
    that has laid knives under his pillow, and halters in his pew,
    that has made him proud of heart to ride on a bay-trotting horse
    over four inched bridges, to course his own shadow for a traitor?
    1130-- Bless thy five wits, Tom's a-cold.
    Shivers. Bless thee from whirlwinds,
    Star-blasting and taking. Do poor Tom some charity, whom
    the foul fiend vexes. -- Sa, sa, there I could have him now,
    and there, and there again.
    Have his daughters brought him to this pass?
    Couldst thou save nothing? Didst thou give them all?
    He has no daughters, sir.
    Death, traitor, nothing could have subdued nature
    To such a lowness but his unkind daughters.
    Pillicock sat upon Pillicock Hill; Hallo, hallo, hallo.
    Is it the fashion that discarded fathers
    Should have such little mercy on their flesh?
    Judicious punishment, 'twas this flesh begot
    Those pelican daughters.
    Take heed of the foul fiend, obey thy parents, keep thy word
    justly, swear not, commit not with man's sworn spouse, set not
    thy sweetheart on proud array. Tom's a-cold.
    What hast thou been?
    A servingman, proud of heart, that curled my hair, used perfume
    1150and washes; that served the lust of my mistress's heart, and did
    the act of darkness with her. Swore as many oaths as I spoke
    words, and broke them all in the sweet face of heaven. Let not the
    paint, nor the patch, nor the rushing of silks betray thy poor
    heart to woman. Keep thy foot out of brothels, thy hand out of
    1155plackets, thy pen from creditors' books, and defy the foul fiend
    -- still through the hawthorn blows the cold wind --
    Sess, suum, mun, nonny, dolphin my boy -- hist! The boy,
    sesey! Soft, let him trot by.
    Death! Thou wert better in thy grave, than thus to answer with
    1160thy uncovered body this extremity of the sky. And yet consider
    him well, and man's no more than this. Thou art indebted to the
    worm for no silk, to the beast for no hide, to the cat for no
    perfume -- Ha! Here's two of us are sophisticated; thou art
    the thing itself. Unaccommodated man is no more than such a poor
    1165bare, forked animal as thou art.
    Off, off, ye vain disguises, empty lendings.
    I'll be my original self. Quick, quick, uncase me.
    Defend his wits, good heaven!
    One point I had forgot; what's your name?
    Poor Tom that eats the swimming frog, the walnut, and
    the water-nut; that in the fury of his heart, when the foul fiend
    rages, eats cow-dung for salads, swallows the old rat and the
    ditch-dog, that drinks the green mantle of the standing pool;
    that's whipped from tithing to tithing; that has three suits to his
    1175back, six shirts to his body,
    Horse to ride, and weapon to wear;
    But rats and mice, and such small deer
    Have been Tom's food for seven long year.
    Beware, my follower. Peace, Smulkin, peace, thou foul fiend.
    One word more, but be sure true counsel. Tell me, is a madman a
    gentleman or a yeoman?
    I feared it would come to this, his wits are gone.
    Fraterreto calls me, and tells me Nero is an
    angler in the lake of darkness. Pray, innocent, and beware the
    1185foul fiend.
    Right, ha! Ha! Was it not pleasant to have a thousand with red
    hot spits come hizzing in upon them?
    My tears begin to take his part so much
    They mar my counterfeiting.
    The little dogs and all, Trey, Blanch and Sweetheart, see they
    bark at me.
    Tom will throw his head at 'em. Avaunt, ye curs.
    Be thy mouth or black or white,
    Tooth that poisons if it bite,
    1195Mastiff, greyhound, mongrel, grim,
    Hound or spaniel, brach or hym,
    Bobtail, tight, or trundle-tail,
    Tom will make them weep and wail.
    For with throwing thus my head
    1200Dogs leap the hatch, and all are fled.
    Ud, de, de, de. Se, se, se. Come march to wakes and fairs and
    market towns -- Poor Tom, thy horn is dry.
    You sir, I entertain you for one of my hundred, only I do not
    like the fashion of your garments. You'll say they're
    1205Persian, but no matter, let them be changed.
    Enter Gloster.
    This is the foul Flibbertigibbet. He begins at curfew and
    walks at first cock; he gives the web and the pin, knits the
    elflock, squints the eye, and makes the harelip, mildews the
    1210white wheat, and hurts the poor creature of the earth.
    Swithin footed thrice the cold,
    He met the nightmare and her nine-fold,
    'Twas there he did appoint her;
    He bid her alight and her troth plight,
    1215And aroint the witch, aroint her.
    Gloster
    What, has your grace no better company?
    The prince of darkness is a gentleman; Modo he is called,
    and Mahu.
    Gloster
    Go with me, sir, hard by I have a tenant.
    1220My duty cannot suffer me to obey in all your daughters' hard
    commands, who have enjoined me to make fast my doors, and let
    this tyrannous night take hold upon you. Yet have I ventured to
    come seek you out, and bring you where both fire and food is
    Good my lord, take his offer.
    First let me talk with this philosopher.
    Say, Stagirite, what is the cause of thunder?
    Gloster
    Beseech you, sir, go with me.
    I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban.
    1230What is your study?
    How to prevent the fiend, and to kill vermin.
    Let me ask you a word in private.
    His wits are quite unsettled. Good sir, let's force him hence.
    Gloster
    Canst blame him? His daughters seek his death. This bedlam but
    1235disturbs him the more. Fellow, be gone.
    Child Rowland to the dark tower came,
    His word was still "Fie, fo and fum,
    I smell the blood of a British man." -- Oh torture!
    1240Gloster
    Now, I prithee, friend, let's take him in our arms, and carry him
    where he shall meet both welcome and protection. Good sir, along
    with us.
    You say right, let them anatomize Regan, see what breeds
    about her heart. Is there any cause in nature for these hard
    1245hearts?
    Beseech your grace.
    Hist! -- Make no noise, make no noise -- So so; we'll
    to supper in the morning.
    1250Enter Cordelia and Arante.
    Dear madam, rest ye here, our search is vain.
    Look here's a shed. Beseech ye, enter here.
    Cordelia
    Prithee go in thyself, seek thy own ease.
    Where the mind's free, the body's delicate.
    1255This tempest but diverts me from the thought
    Of what would hurt me more.
    Enter two Ruffians.
    1 Ruffian
    We have dogged them far enough, this place is private.
    I'll keep them prisoners here within this hovel,
    1260Whilst you return and bring Lord Edmund hither.
    But help me first to house them.
    2 Ruffian
    Nothing but this dear devil
    Shows gold.
    Should have drawn me through all this tempest.
    1265But to our work.
    They seize Cordelia and Arante, who shriek out.
    Soft, madam, we are friends. Dispatch, I say!
    Cordelia
    Help, murder, help! Gods! Some kind thunderbolt
    To strike me dead.
    1270Enter Edgar.
    What cry was that? Ha, women seized by ruffians?
    Is this a place and time for villainy?
    Avaunt, ye bloodhounds.
    Drives them with his quarter-staff.
    12751 Ruffian and 2 Ruffian
    The devil, the devil!
    Run off.
    O speak, what are ye that appear to be
    Of the tender sex, and yet unguarded wander
    Through the dead mazes of this dreadful night,
    1280Where (though at full) the clouded moon scarce darts
    Imperfect glimmerings?
    Cordelia
    First say what art thou.
    Our guardian angel, that wert pleased to assume
    That horrid shape to fright the ravishers?
    1285We'll kneel to thee.
    O my tumultuous blood!
    By all my trembling veins, Cordelia's voice!
    'Tis she herself! My senses sure conform
    To my wild garb, and I am mad indeed.
    1290Cordelia
    Whatever thou art, befriend a wretched virgin,
    And if thou canst, direct our weary search.
    Who relieves Poor Tom, that sleeps on the nettle, with the
    hedge-pig for his pillow?
    Whilst Smug plied the bellows
    1295She trucked with her fellows,
    The freckle-faced Mab
    Was a blouze and a drab,
    Yet Swithin made Oberon jealous--Oh!
    Torture.
    Alack, madam, a poor wandering lunatic.
    Cordelia
    And yet his language seemed but now well-tempered.
    Speak, friend, to one more wretched than thyself,
    And if thou hast one interval of sense,
    Inform us if thou canst, where we may find
    1305A poor old man, who through this heath has strayed
    The tedious night. Speak, saw'st thou such a one?
    The king, her father, whom she's come to seek
    Through all the terrors of this night. O gods!
    1310That such amazing piety, such tenderness
    Should yet to me be cruel --
    Yes, fair one, such a one was lately here,
    And is conveyed by some that came to seek him
    To a neighboring cottage; but distinctly where,
    1315I know not.
    Cordelia
    Blessings on them.
    Let's find him out, Arante, for thou seest
    We are in heaven's protection.
    Going off.
    O Cordelia!
    Cordelia
    Ha! -- Thou know'st my name.
    As you did once know Edgar's.
    Cordelia
    Edgar!
    The poor remains of Edgar, what your scorn
    1325Has left him.
    Cordelia
    Do we wake, Arante?
    My father seeks my life, which I preserved
    In hopes of some blest minute to oblige
    Distressed Cordelia, and the gods have given it.
    1330That thought alone prevailed with me to take
    This frantic dress, to make the earth my bed,
    With these bare limbs all change of seasons 'bide,
    Noon's scorching heat, and midnight's piercing cold,
    To feed on offals, and to drink with herds,
    1335To combat with the winds, and be the sport
    Of clowns, or what's more wretched yet, their pity.
    Was ever tale so full of misery!
    But such a fall as this I grant was due
    To my aspiring love, for 'twas presumptuous,
    1340Though not presumptuously pursued;
    For well you know I wore my flames concealed,
    And silent as the lamps that burn in tombs,
    'Till you perceived my grief, with modest grace
    Drew forth the secret, and then sealed my pardon.
    1345Cordelia
    You had your pardon, nor can you challenge more.
    What do I challenge more?
    Such vanity agrees not with these rags.
    When in my prosperous state rich Gloster's heir,
    You silenced my pretences, and enjoined me
    1350To trouble you upon that theme no more,
    Then what reception must love's language find
    From these bare limbs and beggar's humble weeds?
    Cordelia
    Such as the voice of pardon to a wretch condemned;
    Such as the shouts
    1355Of succoring forces to a town besieged.
    Ah! What new method now of cruelty?
    Cordelia
    Come to my arms, thou dearest, best of men,
    And take the kindest vows that ever were spoke
    By a protesting maid.
    Is it possible?
    Cordelia
    By the dear vital stream that bathes my heart,
    These hallowed rags of thine, and naked virtue,
    These abject tassels, these fantastic shreds,
    (Ridiculous even to the meanest clown)
    1365To me are dearer than the richest pomp
    Of purple monarchs.
    Generous charming maid,
    The gods alone that made, can rate thy worth!
    This most amazing excellence shall be
    1370Fame's triumph in succeeding ages, when
    Thy bright example shall adorn the scene,
    And teach the world perfection.
    Cordelia
    Cold and weary,
    We'll rest a while, Arante, on that straw,
    1375Then forward to find out the poor old king.
    Look, I have flint and steel, the implements
    Of wandering lunatics. I'll strike a light,
    And make a fire beneath this shed, to dry
    Thy storm-drenched garments, ere thou lie to rest thee.
    1380Then fierce and wakeful as the Hesperian dragon,
    I'll watch beside thee to protect thy sleep.
    Meanwhile, the stars shall dart their kindest beams,
    And angels visit my Cordelia's dreams.